Kugulitsa kwapadziko lonse kwa magalimoto amagetsi kunaphwanya mbiri chaka chatha, motsogozedwa ndi China, yomwe yalimbitsa kulamulira kwake pamsika wamagalimoto amagetsi padziko lonse lapansi.Ngakhale kuti chitukuko cha magalimoto amagetsi sichingalephereke, chithandizo champhamvu cha ndondomeko chikufunika kuti chitsimikizidwe kukhala chokhazikika, malinga ndi mabungwe a akatswiri.Chifukwa chofunika kwambiri cha chitukuko chofulumira cha magalimoto amagetsi a ku China ndi chakuti apeza mwayi wodziwikiratu wotsogolera podalira malangizo amtsogolo ndi chithandizo champhamvu kuchokera ku maboma apakati ndi apakati.
Kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi padziko lonse lapansi kudaphwanya mbiri chaka chatha ndikupitilira kukula kwambiri kotala loyamba la 2022, malinga ndi Latest Global Electric Vehicle Outlook 2022 yochokera ku International Energy Agency (IEA).Izi makamaka chifukwa cha ndondomeko zothandizira zomwe mayiko ndi zigawo zambiri zimatengera.Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi madola 30 biliyoni aku US adagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira ndi zolimbikitsira chaka chatha, kuwirikiza kawiri chaka chatha.
China yawona kupita patsogolo kwambiri pamagalimoto amagetsi, ndikugulitsa kutsika mpaka 3.3m chaka chatha, ndikuwerengera theka la malonda apadziko lonse lapansi.Kulamulira kwa China pamsika wamagalimoto amagetsi padziko lonse lapansi kukukulirakulira.
Mphamvu zina zamagalimoto amagetsi zimatentha pazidendene zawo.Kugulitsa ku Ulaya kunakwera 65% chaka chatha kufika ku 2.3m;Kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi ku US kuwirikiza kawiri mpaka 630,000.Zomwezi zidawonekanso kotala yoyamba ya 2022, pomwe kugulitsa kwa ev kudachulukira kawiri ku China, 60 peresenti ku US ndi 25 peresenti ku Europe poyerekeza ndi kotala yoyamba ya 2021. , Kukula kwa ev padziko lonse kumakhalabe kolimba, ndipo misika yayikulu yamagalimoto iwona kukula kwakukulu chaka chino, kusiya msika wawukulu wamtsogolo.
Kuwunikaku kumathandizidwa ndi zomwe IEA imapanga: kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi padziko lonse lapansi ndi ma plug-in hybrid kuwirikiza kawiri mu 2021 poyerekeza ndi 2020, kufika mbiri yatsopano yapachaka ya magalimoto 6.6 miliyoni;Kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi kunaposa 120,000 pa sabata chaka chatha, zofanana ndi zaka khumi zapitazo.Ponseponse, pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya malonda a galimoto padziko lonse mu 2021 adzakhala magalimoto amagetsi, maulendo anayi chiwerengero cha 2019. Chiwerengero chonse cha magalimoto amagetsi pamsewu tsopano akuyimira pafupifupi 16.5m, katatu kuposa 2018. Miliyoni iwiri yamagetsi magalimoto adagulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi kotala loyamba la chaka chino, kukwera 75% kuchokera nthawi yomweyi mu 2021.
IEA imakhulupirira kuti ngakhale kuti chitukuko cha magalimoto amagetsi sichingalephereke, chithandizo champhamvu cha ndondomeko chikufunika kuti chitsimikizidwe kuti chikhale chokhazikika.Kutsimikiza kwapadziko lonse pothana ndi kusintha kwanyengo kukukulirakulira, pomwe mayiko ambiri akulonjeza kuti athetsa injini yoyaka mkati mwazaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi ndikukhazikitsa zolinga zazikulu zamagetsi.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, makampani akuluakulu opanga magalimoto padziko lonse lapansi akukweza ndalama ndi kusintha kuti apeze magetsi mwamsanga ndikupikisana kuti apeze gawo lalikulu la msika.Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosakwanira, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi atsopano omwe adakhazikitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi chaka chatha kunali kasanu kuposa 2015, ndipo pakali pano pali mitundu pafupifupi 450 yamagalimoto amagetsi pamsika.Kuchulukana kosalekeza kwa mitundu yatsopano kunalimbikitsanso kwambiri ogula kufuna kugula.
Kukula mofulumira kwa magalimoto a Magetsi ku China makamaka kumadalira chitsogozo cha ndondomeko yamtsogolo ndi chithandizo champhamvu kuchokera ku maboma apakati ndi apakati, motero amapeza ubwino wodziwikiratu woyamba.Mosiyana ndi izi, mayiko ena omwe akutukuka kumene komanso akutukuka akutsalirabe pakupanga magalimoto amagetsi.Kuphatikiza pazifukwa za ndondomeko, mbali imodzi, China ilibe mphamvu ndi liwiro lomanga zomangamanga zolimba zolipiritsa;Kumbali inayi, ilibe mgwirizano wamafakitale wathunthu komanso wotsika mtengo wapadera pamsika waku China.Mitengo yamagalimoto yapamwamba yapangitsa kuti mitundu yatsopano ikhale yosatheka kwa ogula ambiri.Ku Brazil, India ndi Indonesia, mwachitsanzo, kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi kumakhala kosakwana 0.5% ya msika wonse wamagalimoto.
Komabe, msika wamagalimoto amagetsi ukulonjeza.Mayiko ena omwe akutukuka kumene, kuphatikizapo India, adawona kuwonjezeka kwa malonda a magalimoto amagetsi chaka chatha, ndipo kusintha kwatsopano kukuyembekezeka m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi ngati ndalama ndi ndondomeko zilipo.
Kuyang'ana kutsogolo kwa 2030, IEA imati ziyembekezo zapadziko lonse za magalimoto amagetsi ndizabwino kwambiri.Ndi ndondomeko zamakono za nyengo, magalimoto amagetsi adzakhala oposa 30 peresenti ya malonda a galimoto padziko lonse, kapena magalimoto 200 miliyoni.Kuphatikiza apo, msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wamagalimoto amagetsi akuyembekezeka kuwona kukula kwakukulu.
Komabe, pali zovuta ndi zopinga zambiri zomwe muyenera kuzigonjetsa.Kuchuluka kwa zomangamanga zomwe zilipo komanso zomwe zakonzedwa kuti ziperekedwe ndi anthu ndizosakwanira kukwaniritsa zofunikira, osasiyapo kukula kwa msika wamtsogolo.Kasamalidwe kagawidwe ka gridi m'matauni ndi vuto.Pofika mchaka cha 2030, ukadaulo wa gridi ya digito ndi kuyitanitsa mwanzeru zidzakhala zofunika kwambiri kuti ma evs asunthike kuchoka pazovuta za kuphatikiza ma gridi kupita kukupeza mwayi wowongolera ma gridi.Izi ndizosasiyanitsidwa ndi luso laukadaulo.
Makamaka, mchere wofunikira ndi zitsulo zikuchepa kwambiri pakati pa zovuta zapadziko lonse zopanga magalimoto amagetsi ndi mafakitale aukadaulo aukhondo.Mwachitsanzo, mabatire amakumana ndi zovuta zazikulu.Mitengo ya zinthu monga cobalt, lithiamu ndi faifi yakwera chifukwa cha mkangano wapakati pa Russia ndi Ukraine.Mitengo ya Lithium mu May inali yoposa kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa kumayambiriro kwa chaka chatha.Ichi ndichifukwa chake United States ndi European Union zakhala zikuwonjezera kupanga kwawo komanso kupanga mabatire agalimoto m'zaka zaposachedwa kuti achepetse kudalira kwawo kwa batire yaku East Asia.
Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, msika wapadziko lonse wamagalimoto amagetsi udzakhala wowoneka bwino komanso malo otchuka kwambiri oti akhazikitsepo ndalama.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-21-2022
